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铝合金光伏支架与钢支架之间如何选择？
2023-04-13 12:51
现如今，市场上较为常见的光伏支架材质主要是钢支架和铝合金支架两大类。选择哪种类型的支架，一般从这两种支架的价格、抗风抗雪强度与其他性能要求是否符合需求去考虑。那么铝合金光伏支架与钢支架之间如何选择？本文就从几个方面为大家简单介绍下。
Nowadays, the common solar bracket materials on the market are mainly steel brackets and aluminum alloy brackets. How to choose between aluminum alloy solar brackets and steel brackets? We will give you a brief introduction from several aspects below.
材料强度
钢材（Q235B）的强度高于通常选用的铝合金型号（6005-T5）的强度，因此应用在跨距较大或对抗风强度要求较高的光伏支架，建议采用钢支架，符合强度的需要。铝合金光伏支架则更多应用在一般地区。
The strength of steel (Q235B) is higher than that of the commonly used aluminum alloy type (6005-T5). Therefore, it is recommended to use steel brackets with large spans or high wind resistance requirements, which would meet the needs of strength. Aluminum alloy photovoltaic brackets are more used in general areas.
挠度与造价成本
Deflection and cost
结构的挠曲变形与型材的形状和尺寸、弹性模量(材料的固有参数)有关，但与材料的强度没有直接关系。相同截面条件下两者的综合对比:
The deflection deformation of the structure is related to the shape and size of the profile, the modulus of elasticity (an inherent parameter of the material), but not directly related to the strength of the material. A comprehensive comparison of the two under the same cross-sectional conditions:
Material
Elastic Modulus
Density
70 Gpa
同等条件下，铝合金型材的变形量是钢材的2.9倍，重量是钢的35%，同等重量下铝型材的成本是钢材的3倍。所以在跨度大，强风区，钢材在成本上要优于铝合金型材。
Under the same conditions, the deformation of aluminum alloy profiles is 2.9 times that of steel, and the weight is 35% of steel. The cost of aluminum profiles is three times that of steel under the same weight. Therefore, in the design of windy areas and relatively large spans, steel is superior to aluminum alloy profiles in terms of cost.
防腐性能
Anticorrosion performance
目前，支架的主要防腐方法是钢材55-80μm的热浸镀锌和铝合金8-10μm的阳极氧化。在大气环境下，铝合金处于钝化区，表面形成致密的氧化膜，阻碍了活性铝基体表面与周围大气的接触，因此具有非常好的耐蚀性，且腐蚀速率随时间而降低。在普通条件下(C1-C4环境)，80μm镀锌厚度可使用20年以上。但在高湿度工业区、高盐度海滨甚至温带海水中，腐蚀速度加快，镀锌量需要100μm以上，每年需要定期维护。铝合金在防腐方面远远优于钢材。
At present, the main anti-corrosion method of the bracket is hot-dip galvanizing of steel 55-80 μm and anodic oxidation of aluminum alloy 8-10 μm. In the atmospheric environment, the aluminum alloy is in the passivation zone, and a dense oxide film is formed on the surface, which hinders the contact between the surface of the active aluminum substrate and the surrounding atmosphere, so it has very good corrosion resistance, and the corrosion rate decreases with time. Aluminum alloys are far superior to steel in terms of corrosion resistance.
其他方面比较
Other comparisons
铝合金型材面处理有很多种，如阳极氧化、化学抛光、氟碳喷涂、电泳涂装等。它的延展性较好，可以满足各种截面需求，外形比较美观，能适应各种腐蚀性强的环境。
There are many kinds of surface treatment for aluminum alloy profiles, such as anodizing, chemical polishing, fluorocarbon spraying, electrophoretic coating, etc. It has good ductility, can meet the needs of various cross-sections, has a beautiful appearance, and can adapt to various highly corrosive environments.
钢材则一般使用热镀锌、钢喷涂、油漆涂层处理，较为局限，截面形状比较单一，如C型钢、工字钢和角钢等，外观不如铝合金型材。
Steel is generally processed by hot-dip galvanizing, steel spraying, and paint coating, which is relatively limited, and the cross-sectional shape is relatively simple, such as C-shaped steel, I-beam and angle steel, etc. The appearance is not as good as aluminum alloy profiles.
综上所述，在选择光伏支架时，钢材强度高，在荷载作用下挠度变形小，比较适合大型电站，或者应力比较大的强风区。铝合金型材质量比较轻，外形也比较美观，而且防腐性能更好，对于有承重要求的屋顶电站或者强腐蚀的环境（化工厂等），用铝合金支架效果更好。当然，在考虑到以上因素后，优质的生产厂家和过硬的售后服务也是广大客户参考的重要条件。
To sum up, when choosing a solar bracket, the steel has high strength and small deflection deformation under load, which is more suitable for large-scale power stations or strong wind areas with relatively large stress. Aluminum alloy profiles are lighter in weight, more beautiful in appearance, and have better anti-corrosion properties. For roof power stations with load-bearing requirements or highly corrosive environments (chemical plants, etc.), the effect of using aluminum alloy brackets is better. Of course, after considering the above factors, high-quality manufacturers and excellent after-sales service are also important conditions for customers to refer to.